Pakistan and US take contrasting paths on AI policy

A comparison between artificial intelligence (AI) strategies in the United States and Pakistan highlights significant differences in regulatory approach, infrastructure planning, and technological readiness.

In March 2026, the White House introduced a new AI policy framework aimed at promoting innovation while ensuring safety. The policy emphasises that regulation should not hinder competitiveness and advocates a balanced approach between economic growth and risk management.

A key feature of the US strategy is its focus on infrastructure. It recognises AI’s dependence on physical systems such as data centres and energy supply, encouraging on-site and behind-the-meter power generation to avoid burdening public electricity grids. The framework also promotes regulatory sandboxes and improved access to federal datasets to accelerate AI adoption.

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In contrast, Pakistan’s approach—reflected in its National AI Policy 2025 and Punjab’s recently approved AI roadmap—focuses largely on software development, skills training, and institutional frameworks. Due to energy shortages and limited high-performance computing facilities, AI development in Pakistan remains constrained by infrastructure challenges.

Experts suggest Pakistan could benefit from integrating energy solutions into its AI strategy, such as incentivising private investment in renewable-powered data centres. This would reduce reliance on the national grid and support sustainable growth in the sector.

Another major difference lies in governance. The US policy relies on existing regulatory bodies to oversee AI within their respective domains, while Pakistan is leaning towards establishing new centralised institutions such as AI councils and advisory boards.

Legal frameworks also remain a concern. While the US is actively addressing issues like digital copyright and data protection, Pakistan lacks comprehensive legislation, including a robust data protection law. Analysts warn that without such safeguards, expanding AI systems—especially in public services—could raise serious privacy and ethical concerns.

Overall, while both countries recognise AI as a key driver of future growth, their approaches reflect differing levels of institutional maturity and readiness.