Global cannabis use rises as health risks and potency concerns increase

A new global analysis has revealed that more than 240 million people worldwide are using cannabis annually, making it the most widely consumed illegal drug, according to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) 2025 report.

The report, based on 2023 data, estimates that around 244 million people used cannabis during the year. This surge highlights a significant rise in global consumption, driven in part by changing laws, shifting social attitudes, and the increasing availability of high-potency products.

One of the key concerns highlighted in recent research is the dramatic increase in THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) concentration in cannabis products. While traditional cannabis contained around 3% to 5% THC, modern products in some markets now reportedly reach up to 90%, raising serious public health concerns.

According to a Wall Street Journal report cited in the analysis, this increase in potency has been linked to higher risks of anxiety, panic attacks, and emergency hospital visits. Edible cannabis products are considered particularly risky because users often misjudge dosage, leading to accidental overconsumption and severe psychological reactions.

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Medical studies, including findings published in JAMA Internal Medicine, suggest a strong association between cannabis use and mental health disorders. In some cases, it may worsen anxiety and depression, especially with high-THC products. Researchers estimate that 20% to 30% of daily users may develop Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD), a condition characterized by dependency and difficulty in quitting.

Adolescent use is considered especially dangerous, with evidence suggesting a doubled risk of psychiatric conditions such as bipolar disorder and depression, along with long-term impacts on memory and cognitive function.

Cardiovascular research published in Heart indicates increased health risks as well, including a 29% higher risk of heart attack and more than double the risk of cardiovascular-related death among users.

Experts continue to debate regulation, especially as cannabis legalization expands in several countries while concerns over potency and health impacts continue to grow.