Scientists uncover why mosquitoes prefer some people over others

Scientists are making progress in understanding why mosquitoes seem to bite some people more than others, identifying a complex mix of chemical and physical cues that influence their behaviour.

“It’s not a misconception — mosquitoes are attracted to some people more than others,” said Frederic Simard of France’s Institute of Research for Development, noting that humans are not “mosquito magnets” all the time.

Researchers say female mosquitoes, which are the only ones that bite, rely on highly sensitive receptors to detect signals such as carbon dioxide, body heat, and human odours.

According to Swedish researcher Rickard Ignell, carbon dioxide is the first major trigger, detectable from dozens of metres away. As mosquitoes move closer, body odour, heat, and humidity become increasingly important in guiding them to a target.

Scientists say blood type, skin colour, eye colour, and hair colour have no proven link to mosquito attraction, despite popular myths.

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Instead, human skin produces a wide range of odorous compounds shaped by individual biology and microbiota. Researchers have identified hundreds of such chemicals, though only a small fraction are known to influence mosquito behaviour.

Recent studies involving Aedes aegypti mosquitoes showed that they are attracted to a specific blend of skin-related compounds, including one known as “1-octen-3-ol,” sometimes referred to as mushroom alcohol. Even small variations in this compound can significantly affect mosquito preference.

Other research suggests lifestyle factors may also play a role. Drinking beer, for example, has been linked to increased attractiveness to mosquitoes due to changes in body temperature, carbon dioxide output, and skin odour.

A study in the Netherlands found that participants who had consumed beer were more likely to be targeted by mosquitoes compared to those who had not.

Experts warn that mosquito behaviour is becoming a growing public health concern as climate change expands their habitat range, increasing exposure to diseases such as dengue, yellow fever, malaria, and chikungunya.

Researchers advise simple protective measures, including wearing loose clothing, using mosquito nets, applying repellents, and reducing alcohol intake, to lower the risk of bites.